A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. Transistors are one of the basic building blocks modern electronics.[1] It composed material usually with at least three terminals for connection an external circuit. voltage current applied pair transistor's controls through another terminals. Because controlled (output) power can be higher than controlling (input) power, signal. Today, some transistors packaged individually, but many more found embedded in integrated circuits. Austro-Hungarian physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld proposed concept field-effect 1926, it was not possible actually construct working that time.[2] The first built point-contact invented 1947 by American physicists John Bardeen Walter Brattain while under William Shockley Bell Labs. shared 1956 Nobel Prize Physics their achievement.[3] most widely type metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOSFET), which Mohamed Atalla Dawon Kahng Labs 1959.[4][5][6] revolutionized field electronics, paved way smaller cheaper radios, calculators, computers, among other things. Most made from very pure silicon, germanium, certain materials sometimes used. may have only kind charge carrier, transistor, two kinds carriers bipolar junction devices. Compared vacuum tube, generally require less operate. Certain tubes advantages over high operating frequencies voltages. Many types standardized specifications multiple manufacturers.